連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷(li)史(shi)悠久，早在19世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)末就曾嘗試在長芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，但由于(yu)(yu)種種原因，至(zhi)1950年(nian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)僅有6臺(tai)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后，隨著(zhu)科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步和生產的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，特別是(shi)電(dian)子計算機(ji)(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)飛速發展(zhan)和應(ying)用，使連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在生產工藝和設備(bei)上(shang)(shang)日趨完(wan)善，得到(dao)(dao)了(le)迅速的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和推廣。在浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代中期進(jin)行(xing)了(le)工藝試驗，獲得了(le)可(ke)喜(xi)的(de)(de)(de)成果。1978年(nian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)第一套限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（MPM)在意(yi)大利達爾(er)明鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠建成投產，連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)了(le)一個新的(de)(de)(de)水準。20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)代末又推出了(le)三輥連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（PQF)技(ji)術，使連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝裝(zhuang)備(bei)躍上(shang)(shang)了(le)更高的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階。

  連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機在(zai)PQF出(chu)現以前，都是(shi)兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)，即由(you)兩(liang)個(ge)軋輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組組成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)，二輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)機架既(ji)有與地面呈45°交錯布置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，也有與地面垂直、水(shui)平交錯布置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)，即由(you)三(san)個(ge)軋輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組組成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)，如(ru)圖4-2所示。連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)時(shi)，孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)頂部的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬由(you)于(yu)受到軋輥(gun)(gun)外(wai)壓(ya)力(li)和芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)內壓(ya)力(li)作用(yong)而(er)產生(sheng)軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)(shen)，并向(xiang)(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)(xiang)寬展，而(er)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)側(ce)壁部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬與芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)不接觸，但它被頂部軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬對它附加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)拉應力(li)作用(yong)而(er)產生(sheng)軸向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)(shen)，并同時(shi)產生(sheng)軸向(xiang)(xiang)拉縮。不論(lun)兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機，按(an)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行方式可分(fen)為(wei)浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機、半浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機和限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)機三(san)種形式。

  為了完成(cheng)將連續(xu)軋管(guan)機軋出的(de)荒(huang)管(guan)與芯(xin)棒脫開分離的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便于荒(huang)管(guan)在后道工(gong)序進一步加工(gong)成(cheng)品不銹鋼管(guan)，一般采用以下兩種方(fang)法。

1. 脫棒機

  軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)結束后(hou)荒管(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被(bei)一(yi)起移出(chu)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)線，荒管(guan)(guan)受(shou)軸向(xiang)約束不(bu)動，用(yong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒管(guan)(guan)中抽出(chu)。我們將這種荒管(guan)(guan)不(bu)動，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)設備(bei)稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)荒管(guan)(guan)進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上(shang)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)就鉤住芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)尾(wei)柄，而液壓開(kai)閉(bi)的(de)卡(ka)板(ban)擋(dang)(dang)住荒管(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從(cong)荒管(guan)(guan)中抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉(zhuan)過半圈完(wan)成一(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作，鏈所(suo)走過的(de)距離約為(wei)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)的(de)最大速度大于4.5m/s,到達終位(wei)的(de)誤差為(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)(song)輥道送(song)(song)到芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋(dang)(dang)板(ban)前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)人芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷(leng)卻槽(cao)，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)與連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)有(you)兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)連接起來，兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有(you)兩個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)及多個承載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)來從(cong)荒管(guan)(guan)中抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載(zai)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)來在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程中支(zhi)撐芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)用(yong)螺栓緊(jin)固與軋(ya)(ya)件尺寸相關的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，當(dang)更換軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止(zhi)運動(dong)，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將其(qi)(qi)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們(men)將這種(zhong)(zhong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)動(dong)，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置(zhi)有(you)兩個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)：（1)將荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完(wan)成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線(xian)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省(sheng)去了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短(duan)了(le)工(gong)(gong)藝流程，提(ti)高了(le)終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)溫度；（2)起定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)(yong)，也(ye)就是(shi)說在(zai)(zai)每一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)(chan)中，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有(you)延伸(shen)和(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)早期(qi)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中就嘗試過不(bu)單獨設(she)(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年(nian)(nian)建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)日本NKK京濱廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)和(he)1990年(nian)(nian)建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)俄(e)羅(luo)斯伏爾加(jia)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)），而是(shi)將MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接送人緊隨其(qi)(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架二(er)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)(nian)日本住友和(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)則是(shi)送入(ru)(ru)其(qi)(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)12架三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一個工(gong)(gong)序(xu)內完(wan)成(cheng)；荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并(bing)完(wan)成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)任務(wu)，實現(xian)MPM與定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由(you)于荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格和(he)材質種(zhong)(zhong)類較多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保證鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)精(jing)度，因此在(zai)(zai)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中沒有(you)再使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝布置(zhi)。為生產(chan)(chan)薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中厚壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)名義(yi)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)(chan)薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)量要(yao)相應加(jia)大，否則薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)都裝有(you)安全白，以防止(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)損傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及相關的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在(zai)(zai)事故情況下，假如當(dang)帶(dai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)時(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)承受的(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)向(xiang)載(zai)荷大于預設(she)(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)會相應張開(kai)，防止(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂壞(huai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及設(she)(she)備(bei)。

3. 空減機的(de)配置

  空(kong)減機是空(kong)心坯(pi)減徑(jing)機的簡稱，一(yi)套連(lian)續軋管(guan)機為使其產品外徑(jing)規格(ge)范圍盡可能地大，設(she)計時一(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)用2~5個孔型(xing)(xing)，軋管(guan)機后(hou)(hou)配備張減機的選(xuan)(xuan)擇孔型(xing)(xing)數較少，軋管(guan)機后(hou)(hou)配備定(ding)徑(jing)機的選(xuan)(xuan)擇孔型(xing)(xing)數較多。由于孔型(xing)(xing)尺寸的變化相應(ying)(ying)地軋管(guan)機入口的毛(mao)管(guan)外徑(jing)也要隨著發生(sheng)變化，為適(shi)應(ying)(ying)軋管(guan)機入口毛(mao)管(guan)外徑(jing)變化，通常有兩種方法：

  a. 選用幾種(zhong)外徑的管坯，針對(dui)不同的孔(kong)型選用不同規格的管坯，但每次更換孔(kong)型時需對(dui)穿孔(kong)機(ji)的受料槽、導衛裝(zhuang)置（導板或導盤）進(jin)行(xing)更換，這樣做一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)占用較(jiao)(jiao)多工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)管坯料場、穿孔(kong)機(ji)工(gong)(gong)具需要場地較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)；

  b. 在穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)與軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)之間布置一臺空減機(ji)(ji)，通過空減機(ji)(ji)可(ke)使用(yong)同(tong)(tong)一種外(wai)徑尺寸(cun)的(de)管(guan)坯來滿足軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)不同(tong)(tong)孔(kong)型成為可(ke)能。

  浮(fu)動芯棒連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)采(cai)用穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布(bu)置空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方(fang)法比較經濟(ji)，這樣(yang)既可(ke)僅用一個規(gui)格的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯組(zu)織(zhi)生(sheng)產，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少了管(guan)(guan)坯庫的(de)(de)面積和穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)軋制(zhi)工(gong)具(ju)數量，又可(ke)以減(jian)(jian)(jian)少換孔型的(de)(de)時間(jian)，提高(gao)了機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)率。經空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)的(de)(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)在運往連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口臺架前，先(xian)通過一個吹灰(hui)裝置用壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣吹去毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以減(jian)(jian)(jian)少對芯棒的(de)(de)磨損(sun)和管(guan)(guan)子內表面缺陷(xian)，同時空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了狄塞爾穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)頭尾外徑(jing)差，使軋制(zhi)過程穩定(ding)。這種單獨布(bu)置的(de)(de)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一般使用三輥式及3~6個機(ji)(ji)(ji)架。

  半浮動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組將空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)布置(zhi)在連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)人口側，即與連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)串列布置(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)般為兩(liang)輥式(shi)、2~4架(jia)；在保(bao)持了原有(you)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)優點的(de)同時，可(ke)縮短工藝(yi)流(liu)程，減(jian)少(shao)占地面(mian)積。這種變(bian)化一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)是因(yin)為錐形(xing)輥穿孔機(ji)(ji)的(de)應(ying)用使變(bian)形(xing)前移，軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)數相應(ying)減(jian)少(shao)（減(jian)少(shao)2~3架(jia)），串列布置(zhi)因(yin)芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)長度(du)增加而引起(qi)的(de)軋(ya)制節奏變(bian)化不是很多（因(yin)軋(ya)制終了芯(xin)棒(bang)向(xiang)前運動(dong)）；另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)串列布置(zhi)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)毛管(guan)在縱向(xiang)移動(dong)過程中(zhong)內表面(mian)的(de)氧化和溫降(jiang)，能更有(you)效地確保(bao)鋼管(guan)質(zhi)量。

  限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)最(zui)初(chu)時(shi)沒有(you)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)，采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)規(gui)格的(de)(de)管(guan)坯對(dui)應(ying)一個孔(kong)型，這主要是(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)內表面(mian)的(de)(de)相對(dui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)大(da)，芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)工(gong)作條件(jian)更為惡劣，芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)更容(rong)易(yi)磨損(sun)和(he)(he)劃傷。限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)藝上不允許毛(mao)管(guan)在(zai)進(jin)入軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)前做縱向(xiang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管(guan)內表面(mian)的(de)(de)二次氧(yang)化，才能確保(bao)鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)質量，因(yin)(yin)此不可(ke)能像(xiang)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)穿孔(kong)機(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)之(zhi)間布置(zhi)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)。如采(cai)用(yong)半浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)串列布置(zhi)，因(yin)(yin)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)長(chang)度的(de)(de)增加(jia)使(shi)(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏(zou)更加(jia)緩慢（因(yin)(yin)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)向(xiang)后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)產能的(de)(de)發揮，也是(shi)(shi)不經濟的(de)(de)。近(jin)十年來，限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)也在(zai)不斷吸(xi)收其他機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)長(chang)處(chu)，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)入口側(ce)串列布置(zhi)1架空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)（三輥(gun)、四(si)輥(gun)形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)管(guan)內表面(mian)與芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)間隙和(he)(he)毛(mao)管(guan)外徑的(de)(de)頭尾直徑偏差，使(shi)(shi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)更加(jia)平穩，從(cong)而提高軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命，確保(bao)鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)幾何尺(chi)寸精度和(he)(he)內外表面(mian)質量。

4. 吹硼砂的(de)工藝(yi)

  限(xian)動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組比浮動(dong)、半浮動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組多了一個工(gong)序就是在軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口前向毛管(guan)內(nei)用(yong)氮(dan)氣噴(pen)抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑，工(gong)藝(yi)目的(de)是去除內(nei)表面的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵皮(pi)并防止(zhi)二次(ci)氧(yang)化(hua)。抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑在高溫時(shi)呈熔(rong)融狀態可起到很好的(de)潤滑作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，對抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑的(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)學穩(wen)定性、物理穩(wen)定性及吹(chui)(chui)撒的(de)數量、噴(pen)吹(chui)(chui)的(de)壓(ya)力、時(shi)間(jian)都有嚴(yan)格的(de)要(yao)求，主要(yao)是解(jie)決軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)延伸大、軋(ya)(ya)制時(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)間(jian)相對運動(dong)較大、芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)更(geng)為惡劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)更(geng)容易磨損和劃傷、潤滑條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)不好時(shi)容易發生軋(ya)(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)(ya)制終了時(shi)脫管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不能(neng)將(jiang)荒管(guan)從芯(xin)棒(bang)中順利的(de)抽出(chu)等(deng)問題。