本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕(shi)試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹(xiu)鋼及雙相(xiang)不銹鋼(gang)生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼(gang)產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰落后的硝酸(suan)-氫氟酸(suan)法   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)(fa)——不銹鋼(gang)硝酸-氫氟酸試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)最早于1984年修改采(cai)(cai)用(yong)自日(ri)本的(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)(de)早期(qi)版(ban)本中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也包(bao)含(han)(han)了硝酸-氫氟酸法(fa)(fa)(fa)，但在(zai)1993年以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)版(ban)本中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)遭到(dao)淘汰，隨后(hou)(hou)日(ri)本也廢除了JIS G 0574，因(yin)此(ci)當(dang)前其他各國標(biao)準中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均無此(ci)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。硝酸-氫氟酸法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)如下特點：不銹鋼(gang)在(zai)此(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)電位處(chu)在(zai)活(huo)化(hua)-鈍(dun)化(hua)區，因(yin)此(ci)會伴有(you)(you)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。所(suo)以(yi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)必須采(cai)(cai)用(yong)參照(zhao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)，借助腐(fu)蝕(shi)速率比(bi)值的(de)(de)評(ping)定方法(fa)(fa)(fa)來篩除全(quan)面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)干擾影(ying)響(xiang)。此(ci)外，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時的(de)(de)溫(wen)度為70°C而不采(cai)(cai)用(yong)沸騰，控制(zhi)相對(dui)不便(bian)；試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液(ye)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)劇毒的(de)(de)氫氟酸，不能使(shi)用(yong)常規的(de)(de)玻璃(li)容器，而需采(cai)(cai)用(yong)耐硝酸和氫氟酸腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)特制(zhi)塑(su)料容器，這(zhe)些因(yin)素都(dou)在(zai)一定程度上(shang)影(ying)響(xiang)了該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，導致該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)幾(ji)乎從未被廣泛(fan)使(shi)用(yong)過。由于硝酸-氫氟酸法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)這(zhe)些特點，這(zhe)一方法(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)國標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名存(cun)實亡，因(yin)此(ci)更(geng)新版(ban)標(biao)準將該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)廢除。

2. 新增兩個(ge)實(shi)驗方法使適(shi)用范圍進一步(bu)擴大(da)   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和制(zhi)備、試驗報告(gao)進行(xing)了部(bu)分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及GB/T 32571-2016內容中關(guan)于“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)制備”及“試(shi)驗報告”部(bu)分(fen)(fen)參考了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，并同(tong)時(shi)進(jin)行了(le)(le)很好的改進(jin)，體(ti)現了(le)(le)“先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)和(he)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)”；本(ben)次(ci)GB/T 4334的修訂在(zai)“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)制備”及“試(shi)驗報告”部(bu)分(fen)(fen)與上述兩標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行了(le)(le)適當(dang)的等同(tong)，既保證了(le)(le)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)，同(tong)時(shi)又(you)使(shi)不同(tong)類型不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試(shi)驗取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)得(de)到了(le)(le)統(tong)一(yi)。此外，對于彎(wan)曲法(fa)的取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在(zai)實際使(shi)用過(guo)程中遇到的問題(ti)以及多方意(yi)見增加(jia)了(le)(le)附注，即“對于較厚的試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，若無(wu)法(fa)彎(wan)曲兩個被(bei)檢驗面(mian)，則可取(qu)兩組各兩個試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)時(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)出各試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)的某一(yi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)面(mian)。試(shi)驗后，兩組試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)別彎(wan)曲被(bei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)和(he)未標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)”，增加(jia)了(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的實用性(xing)(xing)和(he)可操作性(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏化(hua)制度進(jin)行了部(bu)分調(diao)整   

   早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)美、俄兩個(ge)體系標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)均為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年代后(hou)均改為(wei)(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明2h偏長。根據合(he)肥通(tong)用(yong)(yong)機械(xie)研究(jiu)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左(zuo)右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)板，正常焊(han)條(tiao)電弧焊(han)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)約不(bu)超過(guo)鋼(gang)板試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早(zao)也源自日本(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日標(biao)在(zai)1999年的(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂版中就將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)ISO進行了(le)等同(tong)，從(cong)而(er)將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)碳(tan)和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)氏(shi)體不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出規(gui)定(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另外說(shuo)明“根據雙(shuang)方協議，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中，卻(que)(que)沒有關于(yu)(yu)(yu)協商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款。到了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版中，則(ze)把所(suo)有方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)超低(di)碳(tan)鋼(gang)（碳(tan)含量(liang)不(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)種（添加(jia)(jia)鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650℃，壓(ya)力加(jia)(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷(leng)。”而(er)無供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方協商(shang)條(tiao)款。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，從(cong)各工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見來看，普遍認為(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)死(si)板，導致(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有任何調(diao)整空(kong)間(jian)。而(er)實際(ji)上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)同(tong)合(he)金含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，其(qi)(qi)第二(er)相(xiang)析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)夠合(he)理(li)，美國(guo)ASTM A262標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)也允許供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方協商(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)及隨(sui)后(hou)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)方式(shi)，ISO及日本(ben)JIS標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限定(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明顯地違背了(le)科學(xue)性原(yuan)則(ze)。 可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到： (1) ASTM A262僅強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)方式(shi)不(bu)作(zuo)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但是(shi)推薦了(le)一(yi)(yi)種常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)兩種供(gong)(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)及冷(leng)卻(que)(que)方式(shi)均做出了(le)明確(que)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推薦采用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特別說(shuo)明“經供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方協商(shang)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執行一(yi)(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓(ya)力加(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷(leng)”。 此外，美國(guo)ASTM A262在(zai)銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法中，特別說(shuo)明除(chu)非需(xu)方特別聲明，否(fou)則(ze)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)A法替(ti)代本(ben)法，同(tong)時(shi)使用(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)表(biao)明 ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)也是(shi)認可(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)新版不(bu)再(zai)作(zuo)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮(lv)到國(guo)內長期以(yi)來一(yi)(yi)些設計選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)奧(ao)氏(shi)體不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)維持(chi)推薦采用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，已(yi)有大(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)研究(jiu)表(biao)明，使用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)造成試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶(jing)(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕開裂，從(cong)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，因(yin)此我們推薦采用(yong)(yong)使用(yong)(yong)范圍更(geng)加(jia)(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)他不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，則(ze)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)和(he)采取何種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)或供(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)方協商(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸(suan)法所用(yong)硝酸(suan)濃度添加(jia)注釋說明   

   此前研究(jiu)表明(ming)，硝(xiao)(xiao)酸濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)對(dui)試驗結果影響較大(da)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)，老(lao)版標(biao)準(zhun)有(you)專門說(shuo)明(ming)。如果按要求配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確(que)實比(bi)較困難，需(xu)要通過(guo)滴定來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)企(qi)業(ye)來說(shuo)存在困難。更(geng)新版標(biao)準(zhun)將在文(wen)末添(tian)加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表示可以采(cai)用比(bi)重法間接測(ce)定所配(pei)(pei)溶液(ye)(ye)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)是否符合要求。 此外，從該方(fang)法的(de)(de)溶液(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程反饋(kui)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)看(kan)，有(you)些企(qi)業(ye)和單位(wei)會參照美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法（比(bi)率為每升濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸添(tian)加108mL水）配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)。但這(zhe)在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情(qing)下是不(bu)可取的(de)(de)。美(mei)(mei)標(biao)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法本(ben)身沒有(you)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，問(wen)(wen)題(ti)在于(yu)(yu)所用濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)并不(bu)相(xiang)同。國(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)ISO和美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)中對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規定是69%~71%;而我(wo)國(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規定為65%~68%。即所用的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸的(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)就不(bu)一致，如果使用我(wo)國(guo)(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸去按照美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法配(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)將明(ming)顯低于(yu)(yu)65%。遂在標(biao)準(zhun)更(geng)新版中添(tian)加一了(le)段注(zhu)釋：“本(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)所用硝(xiao)(xiao)酸（質(zhi)量分(fen)數65%~68%），與美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所用硝(xiao)(xiao)酸（質(zhi)量分(fen)數69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能采(cai)用ASTM A262所規定硝(xiao)(xiao)酸溶液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)來配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)用65%硝(xiao)(xiao)酸溶液(ye)(ye)。”

6. 對彎曲法(fa)的參數進行了修(xiu)改(gai)   

   GB/T 4334自從(cong)第一版以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，就有(you)行業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)相比(bi)國外過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭(zheng)議一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)如下(xia)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)，當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這(zhe)一規(gui)定(ding)(ding)最(zui)(zui)早(zao)沿用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果影響(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)統一成兩個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)，近年來(lai)(lai)無論是(shi)理論計(ji)算還是(shi)實際實驗(yan)(yan)都表明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。尤其(qi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)且本身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)往往會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)而(er)導致(zhi)開裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，從(cong)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)相檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。例如大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實驗(yan)(yan)研究表明(ming)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較(jiao)差(cha)，即使不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許(xu)多(duo)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料稍厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也會由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)超過(guo)其(qi)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)導致(zhi)開裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)類低塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特意聲明(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲得該(gai)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，并以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評(ping)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產(chan)生(sheng)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕開裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，我國鎳(nie)基(ji)合(he)金(jin)(jin)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)半(ban)徑(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，也特別說明(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，應通(tong)過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一個與(yu)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同(tong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質及形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行業(ye)專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)并非嚴苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致(zhi)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中方(fang)法E往往增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期(qi)檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量(liang)，方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低，遠(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿(man)足當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，結合(he)眾多(duo)專家(jia)意見及文(wen)獻，參(can)(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)(yi)及我國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)進(jin)行更改(gai)非常有(you)必要。 本次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改(gai)參(can)(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經修(xiu)改(gai)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)行彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一個未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)(ding)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)。”在GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)由(you)原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要是(shi)考慮到焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)，當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)兼容了(le)此(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)版本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料進(jin)行了(le)特別說明(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)次變(bian)(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同(tong)。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點在于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)需要針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，在新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)言適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等低塑(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準(zhun)名稱進行了變(bian)更(geng)   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹鋼(gang)的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。