1. 鋼熔焊(han)焊(han)工技能評定(ding)

  鋼材熔焊的焊工按《鋼熔化焊焊工技能評定》（GB/T 15169-2003）進行考試，它等同采用最新歐洲標準草案 pr EN IS09606-1：2002《焊工考試 熔化焊 第1部分：鋼》。該標準對不(bu)銹鋼管焊工的考試側重于操作考核，業務知識方面的考核未做硬性規定。

  每項考試(shi)(shi)一般只(zhi)認證一種焊(han)(han)接方法，改變焊(han)(han)接方法需要進行新(xin)的(de)考試(shi)(shi)。但將實芯(xin)焊(han)(han)絲改為金屬粉末芯(xin)焊(han)(han)絲的(de)非惰性氣體(ti)保護(hu)焊(han)(han)，兩者可(ke)以通用，只(zhi)要考試(shi)(shi)其中一項合格(ge)即可(ke)。

  對考試母材進行分類，其中鐵素體不銹鋼(gang)、馬氏體不銹鋼和沉淀(dian)硬(ying)化不銹鋼(gang)為同一類；奧氏體不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼為一類；奧氏體-鐵素體雙相不銹鋼(gang)為另一類。當焊工在同一類中只要一個鋼材考試合格后，在這一類母材中任何鋼材均視為焊工考試合格。例如，某焊工參加焊條電弧焊平焊位置焊接厚為4mm的06Cr19Ni10鋼板考試，考試合格后，即認同奧氏體不銹鋼中32種鋼材在同一厚度范圍，同一焊接方法同一焊接位置均視為合格。其他焊接方法、試件類型、焊縫種類、母材、焊接材料、焊接位置、檢驗方法和發放焊工資格證書等，參見《鋼熔化焊焊工技能評定》（GB／T 15169-2003）。

2. 從(cong)事鍋爐、壓力容器焊工的(de)培訓

  對不銹鋼管焊工素質的培訓較為嚴格，要從基本理論知識的教育和操作技能的培訓兩個方面分別進行。培訓機構要得到當地勞動部門鍋爐壓力容器安全監察機構的考核和認可后才有資格對焊工進行培訓。通過培訓要使焊工做到理論指導實踐，再通過實際工作總結出的經驗提高到理論上認識，以求得到全面的提高。按《鍋爐、壓力容器焊工考試規則》，對焊工要進行基本知識和操作技能進行專門培訓，基本知識考試合格（滿分為100分，70分為及格）后才允許進行操作技能培訓和考試。操作技能考試由焊接方法、母材牌號類別、試件類別、焊接材料等幾部分組成。每個焊工要根據自己所從事的焊接產品的性質選擇一個或幾個焊接方法和項目進行考試，考試合格者由當地勞動部門鍋爐壓力容器安全監察局（所）發給有關證書。每個持證焊工只能在自己考試合格項目中規定的范圍內從事焊接作業，絕不允許超越范圍施焊。例如，焊條電弧焊操作持證焊工不允許從事氣體保護焊的操作；合金鋼Q345（16MnR）考試合格的焊工不允許焊(han)接不銹鋼管產品；對于只有平焊位置考試合格的持證焊工不能在產品上從事立焊或其他位置的作業；超過半年以上不從事持證項目的焊工，施焊以前要重新進行技能考試，取得相應項目的合格證書后，方可從事該項產品的焊接。采取一系列的嚴格管理制度的目的在于提高焊工的素質，最終才能保證焊接產品的焊接接頭質量。

  按《鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器壓力管(guan)道焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)管(guan)理規則》（國家質量(liang)監(jian)督檢驗檢疫總局(ju)2002年版）適用鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)、壓力容(rong)(rong)器和(he)壓力管(guan)道受壓元(yuan)件焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，參與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)受壓元(yuan)件的(de)(de)產品焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，由(you)企業成(cheng)立(li)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)負(fu)責焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理和(he)培訓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。對(dui)(dui)參加考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（包括基(ji)(ji)本知識(shi)和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)技能(neng)(neng)）前(qian)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)資(zi)格(ge)審查，必須得到(dao)當(dang)地勞(lao)動(dong)部門(men)(men)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)認可和(he)備(bei)案。勞(lao)動(dong)部門(men)(men)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過程（包括基(ji)(ji)本知識(shi)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)技能(neng)(neng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)控(kong)制(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結果要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督，確保其真(zhen)實性。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)格(ge)證由(you)勞(lao)動(dong)人事(shi)部鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)局(ju)統一印制(zhi)。考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)格(ge)后由(you)當(dang)地勞(lao)動(dong)部門(men)(men)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)局(ju)（所）發(fa)證，持(chi)證焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)由(you)當(dang)地勞(lao)動(dong)部門(men)(men)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)局(ju)（所）統一管(guan)理。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)、壓力容(rong)(rong)器壓力管(guan)道的(de)(de)受壓元(yuan)件，持(chi)證焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)只能(neng)(neng)擔任考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)格(ge)范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)格(ge)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)有效期(qi)(qi)為3年（自(zi)簽證日算(suan)起）。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)格(ge)證在有效期(qi)(qi)內對(dui)(dui)國內各單位同(tong)等有效。中(zhong)斷受監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)設(she)備(bei)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)六個月(yue)以上(shang)的(de)(de)，再從事(shi)受監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)設(she)備(bei)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，也必須重新考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。但持(chi)證不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)得自(zi)行(xing)到(dao)外單位焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)或壓力容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)受壓元(yuan)件，否(fou)則勞(lao)動(dong)部門(men)(men)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)壓力容(rong)(rong)器安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)有權吊銷該焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)合(he)格(ge)證。