材料的(de)腐(fu)蝕環境復雜,影(ying)響因素(su)頗多(duo)。因此,從不同的(de)角度出發(fa),可以有(you)不同的(de)腐(fu)蝕分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)方(fang)法(fa)。目前(qian)主(zhu)要的(de)腐(fu)蝕分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)依(yi)(yi)據腐(fu)蝕環境分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)(yi)據腐(fu)蝕機理分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)(yi)據腐(fu)蝕形(xing)態(tai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)(yi)據材料的(de)特性分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)、依(yi)(yi)據應(ying)用范(fan)圍或工業(ye)部門分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)和依(yi)(yi)據影(ying)響因素(su)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)法(fa)等(deng)。在(zai)這幾種分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)方(fang)法(fa)中,前(qian)三種分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)方(fang)法(fa)應(ying)用較(jiao)廣(guang)。

   依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境分(fen)類(lei)較為(wei)(wei)直觀(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)實用(yong),具體可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)干燥(zao)氣體腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潮(chao)濕環(huan)境腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)非(fei)(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)理分(fen)類(lei)則利(li)于研(yan)究腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)觀(guan)(guan)機(ji)制,具體可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)化學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態(tai)分(fen)類(lei)利(li)于辨別和(he)(he)(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)失效,一般可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)全面腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、局部腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)應力(li)(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性和(he)(he)(he)種類(lei)分(fen)類(lei)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)從使用(yong)角度出發,具體可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、無(wu)機(ji)非(fei)(fei)金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、有(you)機(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)復合(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。此(ci)外(wai),還(huan)有(you)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)(ju)影(ying)(ying)響因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)對腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行分(fen)類(lei),這些(xie)因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、應力(li)(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、摩(mo)擦與磨(mo)損促進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、生物和(he)(he)(he)微(wei)生物導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、輻(fu)射影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)高溫影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例子是(shi)(shi)地下(xia)水(shui)管由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)車軌道散(san)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)所引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)(通常稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)),接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通常是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)位不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)或金屬(shu)于導電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)金屬(shu)直接接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),這兩類(lei)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)學因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)促成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。力(li)(li)學因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)加速(su)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況有(you)應力(li)(li)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及磨(mo)損腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。細菌在土壤中促進化學分(fen)解,船殼附著海(hai)生物所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現象,都屬(shu)于生物腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),而人體或生物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體液(ye)也會(hui)造成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)外(wai),聲、光、磁場、紫外(wai)線(xian)等物理因(yin)素(su)(su)(su)對腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也有(you)重要(yao)(yao)影(ying)(ying)響。由(you)于液(ye)態(tai)金屬(shu)對材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理破壞(huai)與腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相似(si),因(yin)而也常常納(na)入腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)究范圍。