不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)承壓(ya)狀態下(xia)的射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)象。射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)較大，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的裂隙中(zhong)噴(pen)射(she)出來是(shi)(shi)有壓(ya)力的，因而產生了一種(zhong)(zhong)連續(xu)的振動(dong)現(xian)象。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的多少取決(jue)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)的高低及裂隙的大小。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)少時，可(ke)被(bei)土壤吸收(shou)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)多時，則可(ke)能(neng)竄(cuan)流至下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、河床(chuang)等處，也可(ke)能(neng)有部分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒出地面。地表負荷(he)較大時可(ke)能(neng)會壓(ya)壞管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)、自然(ran)災害(hai)可(ke)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)折斷、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)擊可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)崩裂、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁腐蝕(shi)可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)破裂等種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因都可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沒(mei)有冒出地面的稱暗漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒出地面的稱明漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)何種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因造(zao)(zao)成的漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，反(fan)映(ying)在(zai)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網上都是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的無效損(sun)耗，檢漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)方法如下(xia)。


 1. 暗漏(lou)的檢(jian)漏(lou)方法  


   聽漏(lou)(lou)法是目前檢查暗漏(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)手段，通過漏(lou)(lou)水時產生振動的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)響確定漏(lou)(lou)水點，常用的(de)(de)(de)聽漏(lou)(lou)工(gong)具有以下兩種(zhong)。


    a. 聽漏(lou)器  由(you)聽(ting)漏(lou)(lou)盤(pan)(pan)、軟管(guan)和聽(ting)塞三部分組成(cheng)，類似(si)于醫用聽(ting)診器(qi)。聽(ting)漏(lou)(lou)盤(pan)(pan)由(you)音(yin)響銅皮(pi)、鉛餅、上(shang)盤(pan)(pan)、下盤(pan)(pan)、連(lian)接螺栓構成(cheng)，拾音(yin)部件(jian)為(wei)音(yin)響銅皮(pi)，鉛餅可使聽(ting)漏(lou)(lou)盤(pan)(pan)緊貼地面。其傳聲(sheng)性能好，撿(jian)漏(lou)(lou)準(zhun)確度較高，在(zai)無風無雨的深夜，沿給水(shui)管(guan)道地面每隔一(yi)(yi)至兩(liang)米(mi)探聽(ting)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，遇到有水(shui)的響聲(sheng)停止前行，響聲(sheng)最(zui)大處即是漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)點。


圖 7.jpg


    b. 電子檢漏儀器(qi)  由(you)拾(shi)音(yin)器(qi)、放大濾波器(qi)及顯示器(qi)三部分組成，拾(shi)音(yin)器(qi)的構造(zao)和工作原理如圖(tu)5-7所示。


   拾音器(qi)可將(jiang)漏(lou)水(shui)時(shi)發(fa)出的(de)(de)聲音轉變成(cheng)電信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，通過放大(da)器(qi)把(ba)微弱的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)放大(da)并進(jin)(jin)行阻抗變換、檢波，再通過濾(lv)波器(qi)將(jiang)放大(da)了的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)進(jin)(jin)行濾(lv)波，將(jiang)漏(lou)水(shui)聲以外(wai)的(de)(de)其(qi)他高低頻率的(de)(de)干擾聲波濾(lv)掉，最后(hou)通過顯(xian)示器(qi)把(ba)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)顯(xian)示出來(lai)，或通過耳機進(jin)(jin)行監(jian)聽。


 2. 明(ming)漏(lou)(lou)的檢漏(lou)(lou)方法(fa) 


  明(ming)漏的檢漏方法主要是靠專人觀察，檢查可(ke)能漏水(shui)(shui)的可(ke)疑跡象，例(li)如：地(di)(di)面上有水(shui)(shui)漏出(chu)；管道(dao)(dao)(dao)上部土壤泥濘或濕潤；雜草(cao)生長較周圍茂盛，冬天雪地(di)(di)有反常的融雪地(di)(di)帶；部分用戶水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)突然降(jiang)低，地(di)(di)區水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)下(xia)降(jiang)現象反常；管道(dao)(dao)(dao)通過的局(ju)部地(di)(di)面發生沉陷；下(xia)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內出(chu)現清水(shui)(shui)。


  上述現象都說(shuo)明有漏(lou)水的可能性存在，通過(guo)觀察，大多都能確定漏(lou)水點。