填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。久久99國產精品久久99果凍傳媒:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊(jin)填料室(shi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)蓋時，應使(shi)壓(ya)蓋螺(luo)栓同時、對稱(cheng)(cheng)地(di)上緊(jin)，不要傾斜(xie)，并應留有(you)供壓(ya)緊(jin)用的(de)(de)間(jian)隙，如圖4-64所示。其(qi)間(jian)隙量(liang)為：公稱(cheng)(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以下的(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)門為20mm;公稱(cheng)(cheng)尺寸(cun)DN100mm以上的(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)門為30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋壓(ya)入填料室(shi)的(de)(de)深度h不能(neng)小于填料室(shi)高度的(de)(de)10%,也不能(neng)大于20%.
壓緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，應(ying)同時(shi)轉動(dong)閥桿，以保持四周均勻，并防止壓得太(tai)死(si)。加填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)除應(ying)保證(zheng)密封良好(hao)外，尚應(ying)保證(zheng)閥桿轉動(dong)靈(ling)活。閥門的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)室如在工作時(shi)有輕微泄(xie)漏(lou)，可將閥門關(guan)閉(bi)，再緊(jin)一緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓蓋；如泄(xie)漏(lou)嚴重，則應(ying)將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)全部更換。
填料的切(qie)(qie)制方法有手工。工具和機(ji)械切(qie)(qie)制三種。
1. 手工切制
目前常用(yong)一根(gen)盤(pan)根(gen)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)作試樣進行單根(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)，這樣會使(shi)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的長度(du)(du)或角度(du)(du)不(bu)同。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的手工切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)如圖4-65所示，先備(bei)一根(gen)與(yu)閥桿直徑相等的木(mu)棒(bang)(bang)，將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)緊緊纏(chan)繞在木(mu)棒(bang)(bang)上，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的角度(du)(du)為30°或45°,切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的刀刃應薄而鋒利(li)，也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)細齒鋸(ju)條鋸(ju)割，用(yong)此(ci)方(fang)(fang)法切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)的盤(pan)根(gen)，其角度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)均能一致(zhi)，精度(du)(du)和質量都較(jiao)好。該方(fang)(fang)法的不(bu)足之處是需要專用(yong)木(mu)棒(bang)(bang)，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割線為弧形，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割不(bu)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法不(bu)當時，纏(chan)繞在木(mu)棒(bang)(bang)上的盤(pan)根(gen)容(rong)易松散。最好采用(yong)小鐵釘固(gu)定，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)時，需一起割斷。
2. 工具切(qie)制(zhi)
切(qie)盤根(gen)(gen)工(gong)(gong)具如圖(tu)4-66所示。該(gai)工(gong)(gong)具結構簡單，攜帶方便，切(qie)制角(jiao)度和長(chang)度準確，無切(qie)口毛頭或盤根(gen)(gen)松(song)散(san)變形(xing)等(deng)缺陷，制作質量高(gao)。切(qie)盤根(gen)(gen)工(gong)(gong)具上(shang)(shang)的(de)游標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)有刻(ke)度，每(mei)格刻(ke)度值為(wei)3.14mm,作測(ce)量盤根(gen)(gen)長(chang)度用。游標(biao)可(ke)在標(biao)尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)滑動，上(shang)(shang)面有45°或30°的(de)凹角(jiao)，其頂點(dian)正好在看窗(chuang)刻(ke)度上(shang)(shang)，看窗(chuang)是對(dui)(dui)刻(ke)度用的(de)，游標(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)緊固(gu)螺釘作固(gu)定游標(biao)用。游標(biao)尺(chi)的(de)截面為(wei)L形(xing)，凸(tu)邊起校直盤根(gen)(gen)的(de)作用。刀架外形(xing)為(wei)U形(xing)，角(jiao)度與游標(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)角(jiao)度對(dui)(dui)應相等(deng)。緊固(gu)螺桿和夾板(ban)活絡(luo)連接，作夾持盤根(gen)(gen)用。
盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)切(qie)制時，按閥(fa)桿直(zhi)徑與填料寬度之(zhi)和(he)，在游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上取(qu)相對值(zhi)，再(zai)將(jiang)游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)滑動到該值(zhi)上，對準看窗上的(de)刻度線，并用(yong)(yong)緊固螺釘(ding)固定游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)。例(li)如(ru)閥(fa)桿直(zhi)徑為20mm,盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)寬度6mm,其和(he)為26mm,對準游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上26格(ge)，切(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)長度就是所需長度，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)制時將(jiang)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)夾緊，用(yong)(yong)薄刀沿(yan)刀架(jia)(jia)邊(bian)(bian)切(qie)斷(duan)。然后(hou)將(jiang)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)切(qie)角插入游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)凹(ao)角內對準，盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)靠在游(you)(you)(you)標(biao)尺(chi)凸邊(bian)(bian)校直(zhi)，用(yong)(yong)夾板夾緊，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)薄刀沿(yan)刀架(jia)(jia)切(qie)斷(duan)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)。
3. 機械切制
在修理閥門的過程中，對(dui)非(fei)標準的填料或(huo)無法購(gou)買到(dao)的填料，需要現制現用(yong)。特別是對(dui)常(chang)用(yong)的V形塑料填料，除(chu)用(yong)模具注塑成形外(wai)，還可用(yong)車制方(fang)法。
在車制V形填料時，應(ying)選用有一定精(jing)度(du)的(de)小型車床，可采用成形車刀加工。應(ying)特別注意各(ge)型填料中相互配合(he)的(de)尺寸和角度(du)，并應(ying)符(fu)合(he)粗糙(cao)度(du)的(de)要求。
另外，填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)底部的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊(dian)多(duo)半為(wei)金(jin)屬，也(ye)需要進行車(che)加(jia)工配制。選用(yong)(yong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，必(bi)須考慮使用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)，一般(ban)說(shuo)來(lai)，油浸(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)一定溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)空氣、蒸汽(qi)、水(shui)和(he)重油產品；橡膠石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)水(shui)、蒸汽(qi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油產品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)水(shui)、蒸汽(qi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油產品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)條(tiao)件下，尤以夾銅絲的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根耐壓(ya)力更佳；高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)而又溫(wen)(wen)度多(duo)變的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)加(jia)鉛(qian)盤根；強腐蝕介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)浸(jin)聚四氟乙烯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根或用(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯編織的(de)盤根。
裝填(tian)前，無(wu)石(shi)墨的(de)石(shi)棉填(tian)料應涂上(shang)一層鱗片(pian)狀石(shi)墨粉，填(tian)料袋(dai)裝或盒裝，保持干凈。
石(shi)墨、密封(feng)膠應分別(bie)用盒裝上蓋，不(bu)(bu)能混入雜物。填(tian)料、石(shi)墨、密封(feng)膠隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不(bu)(bu)得亂丟。
凡是(shi)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)閥桿(gan)上端套人填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)，都(dou)應(ying)(ying)盡可能(neng)采取直(zhi)接(jie)套入的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。套入后，可用壓(ya)具或(huo)卡箍(gu)借助(zhu)閥桿(gan)轉動壓(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)套入的(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)(ying)切(qie)成搭接(jie)形式(shi)，這種(zhong)搭接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)O形圈(quan)和V形填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)都(dou)是(shi)絕對(dui)禁(jin)止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，必要(yao)時柔(rou)性石(shi)墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)也可采取搭接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)。圖4-67為搭接(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法(fa)，將搭接(jie)口上下錯(cuo)(cuo)開，傾斜后把填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)套在(zai)(zai)閥桿(gan)上，然(ran)后上下復原，使切(qie)口吻合(he)，輕輕地嵌入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)。圖4-68(b)為錯(cuo)(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，它容易使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)變形，甚至拉裂，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)柔(rou)性石(shi)墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，更應(ying)(ying)禁(jin)止(zhi)這種(zhong)錯(cuo)(cuo)誤操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量(liang)的好壞(huai)，直接影(ying)響閥桿(gan)的密封，而裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的第一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)（底(di)(di)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)關鍵(jian)，要(yao)(yao)再認真仔細地(di)檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函的底(di)(di)部是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)妥(tuo)，確(que)認底(di)(di)面平(ping)整(zheng)無(wu)(wu)歪斜時(shi)，再將第一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)具輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)下底(di)(di)面，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具；檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)，有無(wu)(wu)歪斜，搭接吻(wen)合是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)良好，再以壓(ya)(ya)具將第一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊，但用(yong)(yong)力要(yao)(yao)適當(dang)，不(bu)能太大。應一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，并且(qie)每裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就(jiu)壓(ya)(ya)緊一次，并應在(zai)每層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)間加少許銀色石墨粉(fen)。不(bu)應連(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，一次壓(ya)(ya)緊，更不(bu)得使許多(duo)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)連(lian)成一條(tiao)繞(rao)入(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，這種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)只(zhi)能作臨(lin)時(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)作業用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)允(yun)許用(yong)(yong)作正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)閥門(men)的密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方式(shi)。正(zheng)確(que)的方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的切口(kou)搭接位(wei)(wei)置，相互錯開120°,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)目前普遍采用(yong)(yong)的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法(fa)。也有其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭口(kou)錯位(wei)(wei)方式(shi)，如(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)搭口(kou)互錯90°,也有90°和180°交互錯開。在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的過程中，每裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)應旋轉(zhuan)一下閥桿(gan)，以檢查閥桿(gan)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)卡(ka)阻，而影(ying)響閥門(men)的啟閉。
選擇填(tian)(tian)料(liao)規格時，嚴(yan)禁以小(xiao)代大，沒有合適寬度(du)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)時，允許用(yong)比填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)槽寬1~2mm的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，但不(bu)允許用(yong)手錘打扁(bian)，而應用(yong)平板或(huo)碾子均勻地壓扁(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)。壓制后的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，如發現有質量問題，應停止使用(yong)。設有分(fen)流(liu)環的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)，應事(shi)先測量好填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)深(shen)度(du)和分(fen)流(liu)環的(de)位置。分(fen)流(liu)環要對準(zhun)(zhun)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)(han)的(de)引(yin)流(liu)管孔(kong)，允許稍微偏上(shang)，不(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)偏下。
填(tian)料(liao)函(han)基本裝填(tian)滿后(hou)，應以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)填(tian)料(liao)。操作(zuo)時(shi)，兩邊螺栓對稱(cheng)擰緊(jin)(jin)，用力(li)均勻，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不(bu)(bu)得歪斜，以(yi)免(mian)填(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)接(jie)觸閥(fa)桿(gan)，增加(jia)閥(fa)桿(gan)摩擦阻(zu)(zu)力(li)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)料(liao)函(han)內，也(ye)可以(yi)一(yi)圈(quan)填(tian)料(liao)的高度作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)的深(shen)度，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)深(shen)度不(bu)(bu)得小(xiao)于5mm,并(bing)且(qie)隨時(shi)檢查閥(fa)桿(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)以(yi)及填(tian)料(liao)函(han)三者的間隙要一(yi)致，轉動閥(fa)桿(gan)時(shi)，受(shou)力(li)均勻正常、操作(zuo)靈(ling)活、無(wu)卡阻(zu)(zu)現(xian)象。如(ru)果手感操作(zuo)力(li)矩過大時(shi)，可適當放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)，減小(xiao)填(tian)料(liao)對閥(fa)門桿(gan)的摩擦阻(zu)(zu)力(li)。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)和模壓成形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應從閥(fa)桿上(shang)端慢慢套入，套裝時(shi)要注意防止填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)內圈被閥(fa)桿的(de)(de)(de)螺紋劃傷(shang)。成形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)（填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊）凸(tu)角(jiao)向上(shang)，安放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)底面；中填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹(ao)角(jiao)向下(xia)，凸(tu)角(jiao)向上(shang)，安放(fang)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中部；上(shang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹(ao)角(jiao)向下(xia)，平面向上(shang)，安放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)層。
填(tian)料函一般不需修(xiu)理，但(dan)閥門使用(yong)后若(ruo)有腐蝕(shi)(shi)現(xian)象或(huo)有雜(za)物黏附，修(xiu)理時要清理擦拭，用(yong)砂布磨光，腐蝕(shi)(shi)嚴重，出現(xian)麻坑者(zhe)，應在車床上車去(qu)不平的表(biao)面。
