全浮動芯棒連續軋管機簡稱MM(Mandrel Mill),一般設有8個機架。軋制過程中對芯棒速度不加以控制,芯棒由被輾軋金屬的摩擦力帶動自由跟隨管子通過軋機,芯棒的運行速度是不受控的;軋制過程中芯棒的運行速度隨著各機架的咬入、拋鋼有波動,從而引起管子壁厚的波動;軋制結束后,芯棒隨荒管軋出至連軋機后的輸出輥道。在軋制中薄壁管時芯棒的全長幾乎都在荒管內,如圖4-3所示。帶有芯棒的荒管橫移至脫棒線,由脫棒機將芯棒從荒管中抽出以便冷卻、潤滑后循環使用。浮動芯棒連續軋管機的特點是軋制節奏快,每分鐘可軋4支甚至更多的不銹鋼管;但荒管的壁厚精度稍低,設有脫棒機其工藝流程較長,芯棒的長度接近于管子的長度;適合生產較小規格的無縫不銹鋼管。比較有代表性的浮動芯棒連續軋管機有德國米爾海姆廠的RK2機組和我國寶鋼的ф140mm機組。

連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)時(shi),荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)看做(zuo)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)不同直徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥間連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),穿在(zai)(zai)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)可(ke)以(yi)看做(zuo)是(shi)(shi)曲率半徑無窮大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥。浮動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制時(shi),芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)除受到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥經軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)傳遞來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用力外,再無其他外力作(zuo)用。當軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)頭部經第一機(ji)架咬(yao)入后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),隨著軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)逐一走向后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸機(ji)架,作(zuo)用在(zai)(zai)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架數(shu)相繼增多,故芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)不斷(duan)提(ti)高,這個階段(duan)稱(cheng)為(wei)“咬(yao)入”階段(duan);當軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)頭部進入最(zui)末(mo)機(ji)架后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),整(zheng)個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)處在(zai)(zai)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)所(suo)有機(ji)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制中(zhong),芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)維持不變,稱(cheng)為(wei)“穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制”階段(duan);當軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)尾部離開第一機(ji)架后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)逐級提(ti)高,直到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制結(jie)束,稱(cheng)為(wei)“軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出”階段(duan)。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥工作(zuo)圓(yuan)周速(su)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)按“穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制”狀態下設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制過程(cheng)中(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)又是(shi)(shi)遵循著體積(ji)不變定(ding)(ding)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。然(ran)而由芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高,使(shi)流入后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)面(mian)(mian)機(ji)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)必然(ran)增多,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架由芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人(ren)了比其設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥圓(yuan)周速(su)度(du)(du)(du)所(suo)允(yun)許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還要多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu),這就(jiu)出現了使(shi)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)增大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)積(ji)累。這種逐步流入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)金(jin)屬(shu)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較大斷(duan)面(mian)(mian),盡(jin)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架上(shang)(shang)得到了加(jia)工,但仍然(ran)導(dao)致在(zai)(zai)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)部位(wei)上(shang)(shang)直徑變大和(he)壁(bi)厚變厚,這種現象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)“竹節(jie)”。原(yuan)則上(shang)(shang)講可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)根不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)均出現“竹節(jie)”。顯然(ran)“竹節(jie)”現象(xiang)屬(shu)縱向壁(bi)厚不均,對隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)張減機(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制是(shi)(shi)不利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),應盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)防(fang)止。
為了防(fang)止或減少(shao)“竹節”形成(cheng),孔(kong)型設(she)計(ji)分配壓下(xia)量(liang)時,在保證總延伸不變(bian)的(de)前(qian)提下(xia),適(shi)當(dang)增加前(qian)幾架(jia)(jia)壓下(xia)量(liang)。這樣(yang),就可在后(hou)面幾個機架(jia)(jia)中使芯(xin)棒速(su)度的(de)躍增得(de)到減弱,從而減輕芯(xin)棒速(su)度變(bian)化(hua)的(de)影響。良好的(de)芯(xin)棒潤滑(hua)有利于(yu)延伸和降低能耗,也可以減少(shao)竹節的(de)形成(cheng)。還(huan)可以采用(yong)電(dian)控技(ji)術(shu)防(fang)止竹節的(de)產生,由(you)電(dian)子(zi)計(ji)算機進行預設(she)定,軋輥轉速(su)按(an)要求變(bian)化(hua),當(dang)軋件通過時對軋輥轉速(su)進行校準,使各機架(jia)(jia)的(de)出口速(su)度與(yu)芯(xin)棒速(su)度的(de)變(bian)化(hua)相(xiang)適(shi)應。
盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)對“竹節(jie)”現象采取了(le)不(bu)(bu)少措施并取得了(le)一定的(de)效果(guo),但軋(ya)制(zhi)條件的(de)變化(hua)依然存在(zai)(zai),且(qie)成品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)尺寸(cun)精(jing)度始終不(bu)(bu)如限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)軋(ya)機(ji)。此外,芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)長,使制(zhi)造費用加大,制(zhi)造困難,且(qie)長芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)重量也很大,不(bu)(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帶(dai)著(zhu)過重的(de)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)在(zai)(zai)輥(gun)道上運行將會導致不(bu)(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)表面損傷。故目(mu)前(qian)浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)均用于小型(xing)機(ji)組,至今這種機(ji)組僅能生產直徑小于177.8mm以下(xia)的(de)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)機(ji)組在(zai)(zai)20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代之(zhi)前(qian)比較盛行。

