靜(jing)電是(shi)指工業靜(jing)電，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)生產、儲運過程中在(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)料、裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、人體、器材和構筑物(wu)(wu)上產生和積累(lei)起來的靜(jing)電。

  兩種不同性質(zhi)的(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)相互摩擦(ca)(ca)，緊密接(jie)觸或(huo)迅速剝離都(dou)會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一(yi)個物(wu)體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)有(you)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一(yi)個物(wu)體(ti)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如(ru)果該物(wu)體(ti)與大(da)地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)無(wu)法泄漏，停留在(zai)(zai)物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)內部或(huo)表面而(er)呈相對靜(jing)止狀態，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)就(jiu)稱(cheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物(wu)料(liao)、油(you)品等(deng)在(zai)(zai)收發(fa)、輸轉(zhuan)、灌裝過程中，物(wu)料(liao)分子(zi)之間和其他物(wu)質(zhi)之間的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)，會產生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)摩擦(ca)(ca)的(de)(de)加劇而(er)增(zeng)大(da)，如(ru)不及(ji)時(shi)導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)高(gao)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)程度時(shi)，就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間閃火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)引(yin)起(qi)油(you)品爆炸著(zhu)火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高(gao)越(yue)容(rong)易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主(zhu)要與(yu)下列因素有(you)關(guan)：管道內介質流速越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩(mo)擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空氣越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不容易從(cong)空氣中消除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；管道內壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油品(pin)(pin)流經的彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；油品(pin)(pin)含(han)水時，比(bi)不含(han)水分(fen)產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍到幾(ji)十倍；非金屬(shu)管道，如橡膠、塑(su)料等管道比(bi)金屬(shu)管道更容易產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管道上濾網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。綢氈(zhan)過濾網(wang)產(chan)生的靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空氣的溫(wen)度較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空氣的相對(dui)濕度在13％～24％時，極易產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相同條件下，輕質燃料油比(bi)潤(run)滑油易產(chan)生靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜電(dian)的危(wei)害(hai)有三種：一是(shi)可能(neng)引起(qi)爆炸和火災，靜電(dian)的能(neng)量(liang)雖然(ran)不大，但(dan)因(yin)其(qi)電(dian)壓很(hen)高(gao)且易(yi)放電(dian)出現靜電(dian)火花；二是(shi)可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)擊(ji)，靜電(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)擊(ji)雖然(ran)不會(hui)致(zhi)人(ren)死亡(wang)，但(dan)是(shi)往往會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)二次事故，因(yin)此也要加以防范；三是(shi)可能(neng)影響生(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中，靜電(dian)有可能(neng)會(hui)影響儀(yi)器(qi)設備的正常(chang)運行或(huo)降低產(chan)品的質量(liang)。此外，靜電(dian)還(huan)會(hui)引起(qi)電(dian)子自動元件(jian)的誤操作。