工(gong)業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支吊架等(deng)組成，用以輸送、分(fen)配、混合、分(fen)離、排放、計(ji)量或(huo)控制流體(ti)流動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)用于連接或(huo)裝配成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、法蘭(lan)、墊片、緊固(gu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)指非(fei)普通(tong)標準(zhun)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)，系(xi)按工(gong)程(cheng)設計(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)殊(shu)制造的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組成件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括膨脹節、補(bu)償器(qi)、特(te)殊(shu)閥門、爆炸片、阻火器(qi)、過(guo)濾器(qi)、撓性接頭(tou)及軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支吊架，用于支承管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)約(yue)束(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位移的(de)(de)各(ge)種結構的(de)(de)總稱(cheng)，但不包(bao)括土建結構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)只是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)，當(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門和(he)其(qi)他機械設備(bei)連接，并由支吊架支承時(shi)，才被稱(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工業(ye)管道器材是整(zheng)個(ge)管道設計過程(cheng)的(de)基礎部(bu)分，它直接(jie)影響到(dao)管道系統(tong)乃(nai)至整(zheng)個(ge)工業(ye)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)安全性、可靠性和經濟性。工業(ye)管道器材在石油(you)、化(hua)工、石油(you)化(hua)工、電力、輕紡、船舶、制藥(yao)等(deng)工業(ye)部(bu)門的(de)管道裝置(zhi)(zhi)中所(suo)占比例很大。在石油(you)化(hua)工生產裝置(zhi)(zhi)中，管道材料(liao)中各主要項(xiang)目費(fei)用(yong)所(suo)占比例如圖16.1所(suo)示。

工業管道常用材料分類見表16.2。