當不銹鋼管浮銹較厚,首先用錘子等敲擊手動工具除掉鋼管表面上的厚銹,使銹層脫落。然后使用鋼絲刷、鋼砂布或鏟刀等手工工具刮或磨,除掉表面上所有銹蝕層,待露出金屬本色后再用棉紗拉、刷干凈。
動力工(gong)具(ju)為(wei)由(you)動力驅動的旋轉方(fang)式或沖擊式除銹工(gong)具(ju),如可(ke)以使用圓盤狀的鋼(gang)(gang)絲刷(shua)。鋼(gang)(gang)絲刷(shua)通過軟軸有(you)電動機驅動。如圖 2-1所示,鋼(gang)(gang)絲刷(shua)的直徑根據(ju)不同(tong)的清(qing)洗管(guan)(guan)徑而更換,清(qing)洗管(guan)(guan)段(duan)可(ke)長達12米。

圖 2-2 所示(shi)為離(li)心(xin)式鋼管除銹機(ji),可同時清除不銹鋼管內外壁(bi)的(de)氧化皮或(huo)疏松的(de)銹。該機(ji)是利(li)用離(li)心(xin)力(li)的(de)原理制成的(de)。主要機(ji)件有鋼管小車、砂輪機(ji)架、傳動機(ji)構及手動卷楊機(ji)等。

除(chu)銹(xiu)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)用(yong)吊車安(an)放在(zai)鋼(gang)管(guan)小(xiao)車上(shang),在(zai)小(xiao)車的尾部用(yong)鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)直接(jie)通(tong)過輕便鐵軌上(shang)的導向滑輪(lun)(lun)與手動(dong)卷楊機(ji)相(xiang)連。小(xiao)車上(shang)安(an)裝(zhuang)1.7KW電(dian)動(dong)機(ji),經(jing)減(jian)速器用(yong)鏈條(tiao)帶動(dong)托輥(gun)使管(guan)子轉(zhuan)動(dong),轉(zhuan)速為15~20r/mm。在(zai)臥(wo)裝(zhuang)砂輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)圓(yuan)盤(pan)鋼(gang)絲刷的摩擦作用(yong)下(xia),去除(chu)鋼(gang)管(guan)外壁的銹(xiu)蝕。臥(wo)裝(zhuang)砂輪(lun)(lun)和圓(yuan)盤(pan)鋼(gang)絲刷裝(zhuang)在(zai)砂輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)架上(shang)。
當(dang)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)時,通過十字接頭帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou),主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)通過 2~3 副滾珠軸(zhou)承,支撐在套(tao)管(guan)里(li),套(tao)管(guan)支撐在裝(zhuang)有托(tuo)輥(gun)的(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)小車上(shang),主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)端部兩塊鋼絲(si)刷(shua)緊密的(de)(de)接觸管(guan)壁,摩(mo)擦管(guan)壁鐵(tie)(tie)銹,同時壓縮空(kong)氣管(guan)將除(chu)下(xia)的(de)(de)氧化(hua)鐵(tie)(tie)銹隨時吹出管(guan)外。整(zheng)個管(guan)子的(de)(de)移動(dong)(dong)(dong),進或退,是以 800~1000 mm/min的(de)(de)速度推動(dong)(dong)(dong)鋼管(guan)小車在輪軌上(shang)行駛(shi)來實現的(de)(de)。
操作時(shi),兩(liang)手搖卷揚機(ji)(ji)(ji),使鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)小(xiao)車移(yi)到管(guan)(guan)端,進(jin)入主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)鋼(gang)絲刷的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)開動(dong)(dong)(dong)兩(liang)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)壓(ya)縮空氣閥門(men),開始(shi)除(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)時(shi)主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)滾珠軸(zhou)承支(zhi)撐(cheng)在(zai)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)里,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)滾珠軸(zhou)承不管(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)、移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、前(qian)進(jin)或后(hou)退,它(ta)都可以(yi)四面八方隨著轉動(dong)(dong)(dong),而且當作傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)支(zhi)點。管(guan)(guan)子(zi)再(zai)向前(qian)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi),活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)形支(zhi)架(jia)倒下,活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)車靠管(guan)(guan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)。除(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)到頭時(shi),手動(dong)(dong)(dong)卷揚機(ji)(ji)(ji)倒轉,管(guan)(guan)子(zi)后(hou)退,再(zai)次除(chu)一遍銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)一過(guo)程歷(li)時(shi)約15分鐘。
采(cai)用離心式(shi)鋼管(guan)除銹機(ji)可比人工、噴(拋)射除銹提高工效(xiao)5倍,并保證清除質量。不(bu)銹鋼管表面上動力工(gong)具不(bu)能達到的地(di)方,可以用手動工(gong)具做補(bu)充處理(li)。如果用沖擊式工(gong)具除銹時,不(bu)應造成鋼(gang)管的損傷;用旋(xuan)轉式工(gong)具除銹時,不(bu)宜將(jiang)表(biao)面磨得過光。

