國內外不銹鋼標準都規定了鋼材熱處理后的室溫力學性能。由于化學成分、熱處理制度、取樣方法和試驗方法等存在差異,所以各標準規定的力學性能指標也是有差異的。但是在化學成分和試樣處理基本相同的情況下,性能指標還是大體相同的。
從各標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)看,我國標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和日本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定的力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)本體或試(shi)樣毛(mao)坯(pi)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。實際(ji)上我國的不銹鋼(gang)(gang)棒材(cai)(cai)一(yi)般是(shi)用試(shi)樣毛(mao)坯(pi)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)測定性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。而ISO、EN和DIN、BS等標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)以及ASTM大部分標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),規(gui)定的是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)本體的性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng),鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)直接(jie)在(zai)材(cai)(cai)上取(qu)樣進行(xing)檢驗,只有(you)沉(chen)淀(dian)硬化(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)的時效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和馬氏體鋼(gang)(gang)的淬火回火性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)用試(shi)驗毛(mao)坯(pi)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)進行(xing)檢驗。另外,EN標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)還規(gui)定了各類(lei)鋼(gang)(gang)在(zai)高溫(wen)(100~550℃)下的Rp0.2的值。
關(guan)于(yu)拉伸試(shi)驗用(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)樣(yang),ASTM標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)定標距長(chang)(chang)度,一般規(gui)定Lo=50mm(2in.),ISO、EN、DIN等(deng)標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例試(shi)樣(yang),一般常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65?So短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例試(shi)樣(yang),但(dan)厚度小于(yu)3mm的板(ban)帶材采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)樣(yang)Lo=80mm;JIS標準(zhun)(zhun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例試(shi)樣(yang)或Lo=50mm試(shi)樣(yang);我(wo)國(guo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65/So短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例試(shi)樣(yang),個(ge)別標準(zhun)(zhun)如(ru)鋼絲、外(wai)科(ke)植入物用(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材,則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了與國(guo)外(wai)標準(zhun)(zhun)相同標距長(chang)(chang)度的試(shi)樣(yang)。
關于硬(ying)度試(shi)驗(yan),ISO、EN、DIN等(deng)(deng)標(biao)準規定(ding)(ding)除奧氏體鋼外(wai),一(yi)般都(dou)做硬(ying)度試(shi)驗(yan),ASTM、JIS和我國(guo)標(biao)準都(dou)規定(ding)(ding)有硬(ying)度試(shi)驗(yan),其中JIS標(biao)準規定(ding)(ding)測定(ding)(ding)指標(biao)最多(duo),包括(kuo)HB、HV、HRB等(deng)(deng),我國(guo)標(biao)準也采用了JIS標(biao)準的規定(ding)(ding)。
ASTM鋼板(ban)(帶(dai)(dai))標(biao)準,各(ge)標(biao)準不(bu)同(tong),對奧氏(shi)體或鐵素(su)體、馬氏(shi)體等(deng)各(ge)鋼類(lei)板(ban)、帶(dai)(dai)規定了冷彎試驗(yan),JIS和(he)我國標(biao)準對馬氏(shi)體和(he)鐵素(su)體鋼板(ban)(帶(dai)(dai))規定了冷彎試驗(yan)。

