不銹鋼(gang)管立式(shi)穿孔(kong)機具有各種不同的結構，采用(yong)何種結構取決于(yu)其不同的用(yong)途。

  若用于實心(xin)坯(pi)(pi)料穿孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)穿孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)，通常(chang)具(ju)有安裝(zhuang)在(zai)同(tong)一導向裝(zhuang)置上的(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)活動(dong)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)，其(qi)中一個(ge)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)安裝(zhuang)有鐓粗(cu)坯(pi)(pi)料用的(de)(de)鐓粗(cu)桿，也稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)鐓粗(cu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)；另一個(ge)活動(dong)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)上安裝(zhuang)有穿孔(kong)(kong)桿，即(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)穿孔(kong)(kong)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。兩(liang)個(ge)橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)可以同(tong)時或者單獨地工作或移(yi)動(dong)。

  若(ruo)采用擴孔(kong)工藝時，沒有(you)(you)鐓粗工序，則可以簡(jian)化(hua)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機的結構，兩個動(dong)梁(liang)并為一個，僅作為擴孔(kong)頭在穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒中的對中，即(ji)具有(you)(you)短行程的附加動(dong)梁(liang)。

  一般最為常用的不銹鋼管穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。

   穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)按其結(jie)構形(xing)式(shi)可以分為三類：有一(yi)個(ge)固定穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)；有一(yi)個(ge)移(yi)動穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)和具有多(duo)工位的(de)旋轉或移(yi)動穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)座(zuo)的(de)多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)。日本(ben)的(de)神(shen)戶制(zhi)鋼(gang)還安(an)裝了有3個(ge)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)結(jie)構的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)。

  表8-23為(wei)(wei)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機的(de)能力(li)與擠(ji)壓機能力(li)的(de)匹配情況(kuang)，表8-24為(wei)(wei)國外部分立(li)式穿(chuan)孔(kong)機的(de)主要技術性能。

  圖(tu)8-27所示(shi)為立(li)式(shi)單筒固(gu)定式(shi)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)的結構示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)，此種(zhong)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)設(she)備高度高，裝(zhuang)出料間隙時間長(chang)，被(bei)認為是一種(zhong)陳舊的結構。

  近代也有(you)采用(yong)4工位雙穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)移(yi)動式或旋轉(zhuan)式立式穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)結構（圖8-28)。這種結構的(de)(de)立式穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)，采用(yong)2個穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)交替(ti)作業，裝出料和穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)內襯(chen)的(de)(de)清理都在穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)中心線之外進行。因(yin)此，不僅使穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)高度降低，同時降低了(le)廠房設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)高度，而(er)且也提高了(le)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)使用(yong)效率(lv)。但是，隨之穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)(de)快速和精確(que)定(ding)位及固定(ding)比較困難，搞得不好會影響穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后空心坯壁(bi)厚的(de)(de)精度。

 雙(shuang)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔筒(tong)結構的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔機(ji)，穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔筒(tong)具有4個(ge)工位，在這些工位上依次(ci)完成以下工序：把穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔坯(pi)料(liao)裝入穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔筒(tong)，進行坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)鐓粗和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔，從穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔筒(tong)中(zhong)頂出空(kong)心坯(pi)，進行穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔筒(tong)內襯的(de)清理(li)。

 美國 Lone Star鋼(gang)廠55MN（5500t)臥式鋼(gang)管擠壓機(ji)相配套的(de)25MN(2500t)立式穿孔機(ji)的(de)主要性能如下：

 穿孔機(ji)配置有自(zi)動控(kong)制系(xi)統，可用于：（1)管坯的鐓(dui)粗和穿孔；（2)帶預鉆孔和錐形輔(fu)助孔坯料的擴孔。