腐蝕檢測是運行中設備防腐的重要組成部分,可以分為兩大類：一是在實際環境中，通過追蹤金屬表面的腐蝕行為而獲得設備腐蝕過程的相關信息,稱作腐蝕的在線監測,簡稱監測。二是在設備運行一段時間后，檢測設備的部件零件的情況而獲得的腐蝕結果,稱作腐蝕的離線檢測,簡稱檢測。今天在這里我們要特別介紹一下腐蝕的在線監測。         

1. 腐(fu)蝕(shi)掛片失重法

  把已(yi)知重量的(de)(de)金屬(shu)試(shi)樣放入腐(fu)蝕(shi)系統中(zhong),經過(guo)一定時間的(de)(de)暴(bao)露,取出樣品進行清洗、稱(cheng)重,根據其質量變(bian)化測(ce)算出平均(jun)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速率。

2. 在線電(dian)阻探針法

  常被稱為(wei)(wei)可自動測(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)掛片失重法(fa)。既(ji)能(neng)在(zai)液相(xiang)(電(dian)解質(zhi)或非電(dian)解質(zhi))中(zhong)(zhong)測(ce)定,也能(neng)在(zai)氣相(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)測(ce)定。電(dian)阻(zu)探(tan)針法(fa)所測(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)金屬元件的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)橫截面積因(yin)腐蝕減少所造成的(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)阻(zu)探(tan)針分為(wei)(wei)，暴露在(zai)腐蝕介(jie)質(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)元件和不(bu)與腐蝕介(jie)質(zhi)接(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)元件兩(liang)部分。        

3. 電化(hua)學(xue)法

  因為(wei)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)本身就歸結為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)的過程,所以在(zai)(zai)(zai)眾(zhong)多的腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)監測系統中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)測試技(ji)術應(ying)用(yong)的最為(wei)廣泛。它的優(you)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)，可進行(xing)瞬時(shi)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(du)的測量(liang),反(fan)應(ying)靈(ling)敏,適于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質介質。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)監測方法(fa)中又細分(fen)為(wei)有:電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位法(fa)、線(xian)性極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)和極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)法(fa)等。其中極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(LPR)法(fa)，是指利用(yong)金屬材料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)介質中發生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)為(wei),將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)探頭(三(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)組裝(zhuang))安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)環境(jing)中,然后進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),測量(liang)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)響應(ying),計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出當(dang)時(shi)的極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),再根據(ju)理(li)論計(ji)算(suan)(suan)得(de)到(dao)的換算(suan)(suan)系數,計(ji)算(suan)(suan)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(即腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(du))實(shi)現(xian)快速(su)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(du)監測。      

4. 化學分析法

  化(hua)學分(fen)析(xi)法(fa)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)對腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)(jin)行直(zhi)接監測(ce),而(er)是(shi)(shi)對影響腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)各(ge)種因素(su)及(ji)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)物進(jin)(jin)行追(zhui)蹤,再(zai)用(yong)各(ge)種數據處理方法(fa)來間(jian)接監測(ce)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀(zhuang)況,并(bing)分(fen)析(xi)找(zhao)出(chu)(chu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規律,作出(chu)(chu)預測(ce)。滲氫(qing)(qing)檢測(ce)就是(shi)(shi)一種典型的(de)(de)化(hua)學分(fen)析(xi)法(fa)。氫(qing)(qing)是(shi)(shi)去極(ji)化(hua)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)產(chan)物.在酸性(xing)介質(zhi)中(zhong),由于鋼(gang)構(gou)件(jian)吸收(shou)了氫(qing)(qing)原子（腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)）或在高溫下吸收(shou)了原子氫(qing)(qing)（工藝(yi)介質(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)）從而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)氫(qing)(qing)脆、氫(qing)(qing)致開裂和氫(qing)(qing)鼓泡。通(tong)過對氫(qing)(qing)氣量(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)定(ding)可測(ce)得金屬的(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度。氫(qing)(qing)氣量(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)定(ding)通(tong)常用(yong)探氫(qing)(qing)針來完成。通(tong)過測(ce)量(liang)氫(qing)(qing)（吸收(shou)的(de)(de)）經過1~2mm的(de)(de)鋼(gang)在狹窄(zhai)的(de)(de)環狀(zhuang)空間(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)壓力增加速(su)度，估算擴(kuo)散到鋼(gang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氣量(liang),進(jin)(jin)而(er)估計鋼(gang)的(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)程度。

   以(yi)上列舉的都(dou)(dou)是比較常見和(he)常用的腐(fu)蝕在線檢(jian)測方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。其它在線監(jian)測技術，表面檢(jian)查法(fa)(fa)、腐(fu)蝕余量法(fa)(fa)等(deng)都(dou)(dou)是腐(fu)蝕監(jian)測最(zui)基本的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa),這些方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)技術的要求不(bu)是很高(gao),屬于(yu)經典的腐(fu)蝕研(yan)究方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。

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