目前采(cai)用的(de)有(you)三(san)種(zhong)芯(xin)棒操作方式。早期的(de)三(san)輥軋(ya)管機均采(cai)用全(quan)浮(fu)芯(xin)棒，即(ji)使(shi)在今(jin)天，仍有(you)一部分機組采(cai)用全(quan)浮(fu)芯(xin)棒操作。但是(shi)，全(quan)浮(fu)芯(xin)棒操作方式有(you)如下缺(que)點：

（1）軋(ya)制特厚壁管(guan)時不易脫棒(bang)；

（2）對各種(zhong)尺寸的毛管均需要配(pei)置(zhi)再加(jia)熱爐；

（3）軋制薄壁管時易產生的金屬扭曲和表面缺陷。由于存在上述問題導致限動芯棒和回退芯棒操作方式的開發。

以下(xia)是三種(zhong)不同芯(xin)棒操(cao)作方(fang)式的簡述。

1. 全浮芯棒

  采用(yong)全浮芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)式時(shi)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)被(bei)撥入(ru)到(dao)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)(qian)的(de)人口臺(tai)，落到(dao)和軋(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中心線一(yi)(yi)致的(de)U形槽里。氣動(dong)壓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)壓在(zai)(zai)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)，將其(qi)夾緊，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)穿入(ru)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內。一(yi)(yi)旦芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)完(wan)全穿入(ru)，壓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)就松(song)開，于是，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)連(lian)同芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)一(yi)(yi)并向軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)方(fang)向送(song)去。如果荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易喂(wei)入(ru)軋(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，就用(yong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)面推(tui)下(xia)，以(yi)(yi)幫助(zhu)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)喂(wei)入(ru)。當荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)開始軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)便返回到(dao)初始位置。但是，當采用(yong)小(xiao)直徑芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)推(tui)入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)保留(liu)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)位，充當導衛，防止(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)抖動(dong)。荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)延伸后(hou)(hou)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)一(yi)(yi)起通過軋(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)向前(qian)(qian)移(yi)動(dong)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)了時(shi)，后(hou)(hou)臺(tai)輥(gun)子升(sheng)起，將毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)及芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)到(dao)輸出(chu)輥(gun)道(dao)。然后(hou)(hou)，從輸出(chu)輥(gun)送(song)到(dao)脫棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中脫出(chu)。脫棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)后(hou)(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)先冷(leng)卻，再送(song)到(dao)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)(qian)臺(tai)，以(yi)(yi)備再用(yong)。荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)則(ze)由(you)輥(gun)道(dao)送(song)走，進行下(xia)一(yi)(yi)步加工。采用(yong)全浮棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)式時(shi)，軋(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)生產率(lv)最(zui)高(gao)，因此，下(xia)一(yi)(yi)根芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)前(qian)(qian)端實際上(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)跟在(zai)(zai)正在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)根荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)面。這是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)的(de)，因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)根荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軋(ya)(ya)完(wan)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)，后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)根荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)放在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)臺(tai)上(shang)、并穿好芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。

2. 回(hui)退芯棒

  回(hui)(hui)(hui)退(tui)(tui)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方式和(he)浮動芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣使(shi)用同一(yi)(yi)(yi)荒(huang)管推(tui)人機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，但是芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)加了一(yi)(yi)(yi)套裝置(zhi)，可將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)端固定在(zai)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)并使(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。荒(huang)管在(zai)前(qian)(qian)臺的(de)初始(shi)位(wei)置(zhi)和(he)夾緊與(yu)全浮芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方式一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣。然而(er)，在(zai)插入(ru)(ru)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)頭部(bu)穿(chuan)過荒(huang)管，而(er)且芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)要(yao)穿(chuan)過軋(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，伸出軋(ya)輥臺肩(jian)約(yue)3.5m。當(dang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)到(dao)達此位(wei)置(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，直到(dao)荒(huang)管接觸軋(ya)輥后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間才(cai)停止(zhi)。當(dang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推(tui)入(ru)(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)達行(xing)程終點時(shi)(shi)，壓管器松開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)，荒(huang)管推(tui)入(ru)(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)。于是，荒(huang)管喂入(ru)(ru)軋(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。軋(ya)制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)退(tui)(tui)。其回(hui)(hui)(hui)退(tui)(tui)速(su)度與(yu)荒(huang)管的(de)行(xing)程長度及前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)速(su)度有(you)關，以便在(zai)軋(ya)制(zhi)過程結束，當(dang)毛管離開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)軋(ya)輥時(shi)(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)正好從荒(huang)管中(zhong)抽出。見圖6-49。然后(hou)(hou)(hou)，毛管從軋(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)走(zou)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)下步加工，而(er)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)高速(su)返回(hui)(hui)(hui)其初始(shi)位(wei)置(zhi)以備穿(chuan)入(ru)(ru)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)根毛管。

3. 限動芯棒

  限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作(zuo)(zuo)法是全浮(fu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)和(he)回(hui)退芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作(zuo)(zuo)法的(de)(de)折中方(fang)法。采用這種方(fang)法時(shi)(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)尾端(duan)固定在(zai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)推入(ru)(ru)機上，并可回(hui)轉。這和(he)回(hui)退芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)式一(yi)(yi)樣，不同的(de)(de)是，鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)軋制時(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)向前移動。在(zai)軋制結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)上脫(tuo)出。當荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)前臺(tai)被夾緊時(shi)(shi)，穿入(ru)(ru)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，直(zhi)到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)前端(duan)伸出軋輥(gun)臺(tai)肩約0.3m左右為(wei)止。插入(ru)(ru)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時(shi)(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)開始回(hui)轉，直(zhi)到(dao)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)接觸軋輥(gun)后一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間才停止。芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)到(dao)位后，壓(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)器(qi)松開，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)推入(ru)(ru)機將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)推向軋輥(gun)，直(zhi)到(dao)軋制過(guo)程(cheng)開始為(wei)止。軋制過(guo)程(cheng)中，芯(xin)(xin)捧(peng)以(yi)低(di)于毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)軸向輸出速(su)度的(de)(de)速(su)度和(he)軋件一(yi)(yi)起前進。軋制周期結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)，毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)出，然后，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)高速(su)返回(hui)其初始位置(zhi)。

  三種芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方(fang)式(shi)的比較(jiao)。在采(cai)用(yong)(yong)回退(tui)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)與限(xian)(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方(fang)式(shi)的工廠，只有生(sheng)產D/t小于7.5的鋼(gang)管(guan)時(shi)才(cai)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)回退(tui)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方(fang)式(shi)，而當生(sheng)產D/t大于7.5的鋼(gang)管(guan)時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)限(xian)(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方(fang)式(shi)。顯然，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)回退(tui)和限(xian)(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)操作方(fang)式(shi)時(shi)，軋機產量(liang)比采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全浮芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時(shi)低，因為，下(xia)一(yi)根荒管(guan)撥入到前臺之前，在用(yong)(yong)的芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)必須返回其初始位(wei)置(zhi)。同時(shi)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的冷(leng)卻不(bu)(bu)充分，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)壽命不(bu)(bu)長。