給排水(shui)系統的合理(li)設置(zhi)及給排水(shui)管道的管材、防(fang)腐、閥門等(deng)的合理(li)選擇，防(fang)止了地(di)下(xia)水(shui)和土壤受到污染，保(bao)證了石油化(hua)工企業(ye)安全運行。埋地(di)給排水(shui)管道用的管材應根據內水(shui)壓(ya)力、流(liu)量、環境(jing)介質及管材材質等(deng)綜合因素確定。

 1. 給(gei)排水系統(tong)

  石化給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)一般可(ke)分為給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)包括生(sheng)活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產給水(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環(huan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)可(ke)分為含油(you)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、清(qing)凈雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)等(deng)。

   ①. 含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統主要(yao)排(pai)放(fang)各生產裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、輔助設(she)施排(pai)出的含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)通過排(pai)污(wu)(wu)井(jing)或漏(lou)斗收(shou)集，重力流進入隔(ge)油池，預處理(li)后(hou)由泵提(ti)升(sheng)至廠區內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)場(chang)處理(li)達標后(hou)排(pai)放(fang)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染區15min 前(qian)的初(chu)期雨水(shui)(shui)也進入含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統。

   ②. 生產污水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)主要排(pai)放(fang)裝置污染區(qu)15min以后的后期雨水(shui)，通過明溝收集進入生產污水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，經泵加壓提升至污水(shui)處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達標(biao)后排(pai)放(fang)。

   ③. 清(qing)凈雨(yu)水系統為廠區道路雨(yu)水，通(tong)過管道收集(ji)后進(jin)入雨(yu)水調峰池，經監測無污(wu)染后可直接外排(pai)或(huo)處理(li)后再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)來自廁(ce)所、食堂、浴室(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，經化(hua)糞池(chi)后壓(ya)力排往污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理場的生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)池(chi)。生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需單獨收集，個別生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需排入(ru)(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)、含油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)時，在(zai)接入(ru)(ru)前(qian)需設(she)水(shui)封設(she)施，以防(fang)止生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的有害(hai)氣體(ti)竄入(ru)(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)設(she)施。

 2. 管材選用

  除(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)活給水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內部(bu)分(fen)(fen)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外，其(qi)余(yu)給水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)。含油(you)污(wu)水、生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)輸送流體用(yong)(yong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)，也有(you)的(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)低壓流體輸送用(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)球磨鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)接(jie)。球墨(mo)鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)強、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)基礎的(de)要求較(jiao)(jiao)低、施工費用(yong)(yong)低。生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)室(shi)內部(bu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)建筑排水用(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)；室(shi)外部(bu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)低壓流體輸送用(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)，以避免過路時生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)被壓損。鋼(gang)骨(gu)架增強塑料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)，具有(you)機械強度高、耐(nai)溫性能(neng)(neng)好、雙面防腐(fu)、節能(neng)(neng)等優點，適用(yong)(yong)于絕大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)石油(you)化工給埋地排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)選用(yong)(yong)見表(biao)4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設計(ji)

  給排水管道外(wai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的好壞直接(jie)影響管道壽命，因(yin)此根(gen)據(ju)實際情況選擇(ze)合適防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)方案(an)及等(deng)級是非常重要的。根(gen)據(ju)SH／T 3022《石油化(hua)工設備和管道涂料防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕設計標(biao)準》，埋地管道外(wai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)可采用石油瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)漆、環氧煤瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)漆、聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏(nian)帶(dai)進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。石油瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層結構成本(ben)低，但需在(zai)施(shi)工現(xian)場加熱石油瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)，且對環境有(you)一定(ding)的污染，已(yi)漸漸淡出(chu)市場。聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏(nian)帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)能(neng)優異，但其成本(ben)高、施(shi)工工藝較復雜(za)、焊(han)縫處(chu)易形成空鼓、補口操作復雜(za)。環氧煤瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層結構成本(ben)較聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏(nian)帶(dai)低，具有(you)一次成膜厚、耐酸(suan)堿、施(shi)工簡單等(deng)優點(dian)，一般選用環氧煤瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)漆進行埋地管道防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。管道穿井壁(bi)處(chu)需設置防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水套管，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止管道泄漏。